Civil engineering content ( By Akash gupta)

  Friction -                    the property of two tengent objects which produce a tangential stress on their tengent points that gives the pids  a what prevent friction  or sliding on another is called friction or force , the meaning of friction is often considered to be the force of friction . Types of friction -                    There are often two types of friction ....... (1) static fiction (2) Dynamic friction  (1) Static friction - If two objects touch each other are in equilibrium ,they arise at the tengent point is called static friction . (2) Dynamic friction - the friction arising at tge tengent point of one body at the point of sliding or moving at the other body is called dynamic friction .    Limiting friction   -    If one body is in state of sliding an another body ie in the state of marginal equilibrium  . friction arising at their touch point is called extreme friction or limiting friction . If this state the amount of friction is maximum.  Angle of friction -  T

Equilibrium of force -                                                      Many forces acting on a pined or point ,if the net effect is zero and force does not treats a pair ,then it will be said to be in equilibrium , because there is no net force acting on an object  in equilibrium. Then from newton's first law of motion an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion .   Equilibrium condition -      All forces acting on one side  = forces acting on opposite direction with same magnitude with include all forces  Law of equilibrium of forces -                           The following two rules for forces to be in equilibrium state__ (1) T he algebraic sum of all forces acting on a body in any direction will be zero ke if, ΣF =0 (2) A ll forces acting on a body are algebraic at any point in the plane .the sum of rotor will be zero  ie  if  ΣF × x= 0, Equilibrium theory -          (1) Equilibrium theory of two forces - According to this theory ,

  Traingle law of force =>                            If two forces acting simultaneously an a point are represented by the two sides of a traingle taking an order corresponding to their magnitude and direction so their resulting force can be represented by the third arm of the traingle in the opposite order or three forces acting on a point if in magnitude and direction , represented by all the three arms of a traingle in order then these forces will be in equilibrium .   Lami's theorem -                                  According to Lami's theorem , if three forces acting in a point remain in equilibrium , then each forces will be proportional to the sin angle between two other forces.                     Suppose, three forces P,Q and R are working at a point O, the force is represented by the p line OB , Q line OA and R line OC,               Let, ㄥBOC =α, ㄥBOA = √ and ㄥAOC = β.                   ( where, √ = gama ) Then, By lami's theorem , Farmula;:-                

  Law of   parallelogram  At a point if two forces acting simultaneously are represented by two adjecent side of parallelogram corresponding to their magnitude and direction ,then their resultant force ,volumn and direction that can be drawn from the erossion point of these force can be shown .                              ....  According to parallelogram law of vector ,their resultant vector will be represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram.....       Resultant of two forces acting at a point -                                   Let us ,if these two forces P and Q work at an angle at a point o , then the value of their resultant force R is found from the following formula ,     Now we get ,                                    R= √ P^2 + Q^2 + 2 PQ cos α Cases :-            (a) when two vector acting on the same direction, then Ө=0 , cos Ө=1 and sinӨ=0              Now ,                            R = √A^2 +B^2 +2AB                        Or , R = √ (A+B)^2                        

  CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTENT                ( By Er. Akash Gupta )       Types of civil engineering :-   civil engineering is the most important part of our life. The industry is about solving any problem through designing ,  constructing , managing and maintaining the structure that plays a vital role in the development of countries and supports modern Society .                           1. Structural engineering -                structure engineering includes studying and analysing the design of  bridges, building , flyover,marin structure and other construction work .structure engineering is usually considered a specially discipline within civil engineering and ensure that building and bridges are built to be strong enough and stable enough to resist all appropriate structural loads, earth pressure , temperature and to prevent or reduce the loss of life and injury.   ...... Structural engineering deals with analyzing a particular structural system ..structural system may vary simple

  CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTENT               (By ER AKASH GUPTA) Construction Engineering :-  construction engineering is a part of civil engineering. Its concerns the planning and management of the construction of structure such as highways, bridges,airports ,dams, and reservoirs . construction engineering is about organizing and coordinating the people equipment and materials so that construction walk is done efficiently safety and in an environmentally sensitive and sustainable way .                              Construction of such projects requires knowledge of engineering and management principle and business procedures ,economics and human behavior. ..... construction engineering is a professional discipline that deals with the designing ,planning ,construction and management of structure such as tunnels ,bridges ,roads, airports, railroad, dams and other infrastructure projects... Construction engineering management (CEM):-  construction is followed by assest management phase invo

       @ Civil En gineering   content @              (By Er. Akash Gupta)           Civil engineering :- civil engineering is a part of engineering  science .It is arguably the oldest engineering discipline. The built environment encompasses much of what define modern civilization . Building and bridges are the first constructions that come to mind in engineer's as they are the most important part or civil engineering .                                                 Civil engineering deals with the design , construction and management of the physical and natuarly built environment, include public work such as road ,highway, bridges, buildings , culverts, canals , dams and other component of construction .Road ,railroad and airports are designed by transportation engineering, they are another categories of engineering. Today, the public is more likely to remember the names of great civil engineering projects then the names of the engineers who designed and built them .   Types o